See abiogenesis on Wiktionary
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"word": "abiogenesist"
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"word": "abiogenetic"
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{
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{
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"examples": [
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"ref": "1870 September 17, [Thomas Henry Huxley], “The President’s Address”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 2238, London: Printed by Edward J. Francis, Took's Court, Chancery Lane, published at the office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., by John Francis. [...], →OCLC, page 374, columns 2–3:",
"text": "And thus the hypothesis that living matter always arises by the agency of pre-existing living matter, took definite shape; […] It will be necessary for me to refer to this hypothesis so frequently, that, to save circumlocution, I shall call it the hypothesis of Biogenesis; and I shall term the contrary doctrine—that living matter may be produced by not living matter—the hypothesis of Abiogenesis.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1872 October 3, “Societies and Academies: Philadelphia”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume VI, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 472, column 2:",
"text": "The assertion of [Louis] Pasteur is justified, that the onus probandi [burden of proof] lies with abiogenesists, since there is no experience of any living form more than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in diameter springing to life out of inorganic matter; it is therefore vastly improbable (needing most cogent evidence to prove), that any form less than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in size can be made to spring into life from inorganic matter. While abiogenesis is unproved, we hold to the conclusion that vital force is not the mere outcome or resultant of any or all of the other cosmic forces.",
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{
"ref": "1971, Cyril C. Means, Jr., Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates [...], volume 117, part 23, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30820, column 3:",
"text": "Life began. There was one abiogenesis when something happened to turn inanimate matter into animate cells. And it happened only once. There are no abiogeneses today. Human life is continuous. Human persons are discontinuous and individual.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"ref": "1997, Eric Voegelin, “Race as Biological Unit”, in Ruth Hein, transl., edited by Klaus Vondung, Race and State: Translated from the German (The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin; 2), Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, part I (The Systematic Content of Race Theory), page 45:",
"text": "According to [Carl] Nägeli, the highest forms have evolved from the oldest cells produced through abiogenesis, and the lower forms are, depending on their position in the hierarchy, the descendants of respectively more recent abiogenesis.",
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{
"ref": "2014, G. Bradley Schaefer, James N. Thompson, Jr., “Genetics: Unity and Diversity”, in Medical Genetics: An Integrated Approach, New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 3:",
"text": "Although abiogenesis, the spontaneous creation of a living system under appropriate conditions, must have occurred at the end of the prebiotic world, spontaneous generation of life no longer occurs.",
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],
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"The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents."
],
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"(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "allopoiesis"
},
{
"word": "autopoiesis"
},
{
"word": "biopoesis"
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{
"word": "spontaneous generation"
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],
"senseid": [
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"synonyms": [
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"word": "abiogeny"
}
],
"tags": [
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],
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"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "تولد تلقائي"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kyankʻi cagum",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "կյանքի ծագում"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abioxénesis"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenez"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "uzniknjennje žyccja",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "узнікненне жыцця"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "jiboner utpotti",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "জীবনের উৎপত্তি"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "samozaràždane",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "самозара̀ждане"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "abiogenéza",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "абиогене́за"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogènesi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autogènesi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "generació espontània"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "無生源論"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "无生源论"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "無生源說"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wúshēngyuánshuō",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "无生源说"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "nl",
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"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenezo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogeneesi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "alkusynty"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogenèse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abioxénese"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "abiogenezi",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "აბიოგენეზი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abiogenesis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aviogénesi",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αβιογένεση"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "אביוגנזה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ajīvāt jīvotpatti",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "अजीवात् जीवोत्पत्ति"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenezis"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "ősnemzés"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "uppruni lífs"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenesis"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aibithghineas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogenesi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "archeobiosi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autogonia"
},
{
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abaiyojenisis"
},
{
"alt": "しぜんはっせいせつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shizenhasseisetsu",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "自然発生説"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "abiogenez",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "абиогенез"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "saengmyeonggiwon",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "생명기원"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenesis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abioģenēze"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogenezė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "abiogenéza",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "абиогене́за"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "abiogenesis"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "ajīvajīvōtpatti",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "അജീവജീവോത്പത്തി"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "abiyōjenisisŭ",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "അബിയോജെനിസിസ്"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "ajaivajananaṁ",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "അജൈവജനനം"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
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"ref": "1870 September 17, [Thomas Henry Huxley], “The President’s Address”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 2238, London: Printed by Edward J. Francis, Took's Court, Chancery Lane, published at the office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., by John Francis. [...], →OCLC, page 374, columns 2–3:",
"text": "And thus the hypothesis that living matter always arises by the agency of pre-existing living matter, took definite shape; […] It will be necessary for me to refer to this hypothesis so frequently, that, to save circumlocution, I shall call it the hypothesis of Biogenesis; and I shall term the contrary doctrine—that living matter may be produced by not living matter—the hypothesis of Abiogenesis.",
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"ref": "1872 October 3, “Societies and Academies: Philadelphia”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume VI, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 472, column 2:",
"text": "The assertion of [Louis] Pasteur is justified, that the onus probandi [burden of proof] lies with abiogenesists, since there is no experience of any living form more than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in diameter springing to life out of inorganic matter; it is therefore vastly improbable (needing most cogent evidence to prove), that any form less than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in size can be made to spring into life from inorganic matter. While abiogenesis is unproved, we hold to the conclusion that vital force is not the mere outcome or resultant of any or all of the other cosmic forces.",
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{
"ref": "1971, Cyril C. Means, Jr., Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates [...], volume 117, part 23, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30820, column 3:",
"text": "Life began. There was one abiogenesis when something happened to turn inanimate matter into animate cells. And it happened only once. There are no abiogeneses today. Human life is continuous. Human persons are discontinuous and individual.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Eric Voegelin, “Race as Biological Unit”, in Ruth Hein, transl., edited by Klaus Vondung, Race and State: Translated from the German (The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin; 2), Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, part I (The Systematic Content of Race Theory), page 45:",
"text": "According to [Carl] Nägeli, the highest forms have evolved from the oldest cells produced through abiogenesis, and the lower forms are, depending on their position in the hierarchy, the descendants of respectively more recent abiogenesis.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, G. Bradley Schaefer, James N. Thompson, Jr., “Genetics: Unity and Diversity”, in Medical Genetics: An Integrated Approach, New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 3:",
"text": "Although abiogenesis, the spontaneous creation of a living system under appropriate conditions, must have occurred at the end of the prebiotic world, spontaneous generation of life no longer occurs.",
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}
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"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "самозара̀ждане"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "abiogenéza",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "абиогене́за"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogènesi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autogènesi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "generació espontània"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "無生源論"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "无生源论"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "無生源說"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wúshēngyuánshuō",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "无生源说"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenezo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogeneesi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "alkusynty"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogenèse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abioxénese"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "abiogenezi",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "აბიოგენეზი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abiogenesis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aviogénesi",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αβιογένεση"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "אביוגנזה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ajīvāt jīvotpatti",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "अजीवात् जीवोत्पत्ति"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenezis"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "ősnemzés"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "uppruni lífs"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenesis"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aibithghineas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogenesi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "archeobiosi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autogonia"
},
{
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abaiyojenisis"
},
{
"alt": "しぜんはっせいせつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shizenhasseisetsu",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "自然発生説"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "abiogenez",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "абиогенез"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "saengmyeonggiwon",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "생명기원"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenesis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abioģenēze"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogenezė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "abiogenéza",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "абиогене́за"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "abiogenesis"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "ajīvajīvōtpatti",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "അജീവജീവോത്പത്തി"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "abiyōjenisisŭ",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "അബിയോജെനിസിസ്"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "ajaivajananaṁ",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "അജൈവജനനം"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "ajaivajīvōlpatti",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "അജൈവജീവോൽപത്തി"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abiogenese"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nāzīstzāyī",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "نازیستزایی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogeneza"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samorództwo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "archigonia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Brazilian Portuguese",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogênese"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "European Portuguese",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogénese"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "utabhuj",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "ਉਤਭੁਜ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogeneză"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "abiogenéz",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "абиогене́з"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogeneza"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "абиогенеза"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "ajīwajnanaya",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "අජීවජ්නනය"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenéza"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "ábíogenéza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abiogénesis"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autogénesis"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "generación espontánea"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "abiogenes"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "singaw-buhay"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "abiogenez",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "абиогенез"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "paydoyiš-i hayot",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "пайдоиши ҳаёт"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "uyirilivaḻippiṟappu",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "உயிரிலிவழிப்பிறப்பு"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "กำเนิดชีวิตจากสิ่งไร้ชีวิต"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiyogenez"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "abiohenéz",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "абіогене́з"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "abiogenez"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "origination of living organisms from lifeless matter",
"word": "sự phát sinh tự nhiên"
}
],
"word": "abiogenesis"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "en",
"3": "abiogenesis"
},
"expansion": "English abiogenesis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-",
"pos": "the alpha privative",
"t": "not-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷeyh₃-",
"t": "to live"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵénh₁tis",
"t": "birth; production"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "a-",
"3": "biogenesis"
},
"expansion": "a- + biogenesis",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English abiogenesis, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative) + βῐ́ος (bíos, “life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source; manner of birth; creation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)); equivalent to a- + biogenesis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ابيوݢينسيس",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Jawi spelling",
"4": "ابيوݢينسيس"
},
"expansion": "abiogenesis (Jawi spelling ابيوݢينسيس)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧bi‧o‧ge‧ne‧sis"
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms borrowed from English",
"Malay terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Malay terms derived from English",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Malay terms prefixed with a-",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/es",
"Rhymes:Malay/es/6 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/ses",
"ms:Biology",
"ms:Evolutionary theory"
],
"glosses": [
"The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents; abiogenesis."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"evolutionary theory",
"evolutionary theory"
],
[
"origination",
"origination"
],
[
"living",
"living"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"lifeless",
"lifeless"
],
[
"genesis",
"genesis"
],
[
"involve",
"involve"
],
[
"parents",
"parent#Noun"
],
[
"abiogenesis",
"abiogenesis#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "evolutionary theory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology, evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents; abiogenesis."
],
"senseid": [
"ms:Q231218"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q231218"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[e.bai̯.o.d͡ʒɛ.nə.ses]"
},
{
"ipa": "[a.bi.jo.ɡɛ.nə.ses]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ses"
},
{
"rhymes": "-es"
}
],
"word": "abiogenesis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for abiogenesis meaning in All languages combined (23.7kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abiogenesis/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abiogenesist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetic\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetical\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetically\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogeny\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ἀ-\", \"pos\": \"the alpha privative\", \"t\": \"not-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷeyh₃-\", \"t\": \"to live\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*ǵénh₁tis\", \"t\": \"birth; production\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a-\", \"3\": \"biogenesis\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- + biogenesis\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative) + βῐ́ος (bíos, “life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source; manner of birth; creation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)); equivalent to a- + biogenesis. The words biogenesis and abiogenesis were both coined by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) in 1870 (see the quotation).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abiogeneses\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\", \"2\": \"abiogeneses\"}, \"expansion\": \"abiogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural abiogeneses)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"abi‧o‧ge‧ne‧sis\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"allopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"autopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"biopoesis\"}, {\"word\": \"spontaneous generation\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"biogenesis\"}], \"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Cantonese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Punjabi translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sinhalese translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"en:Evolutionary theory\", \"en:Obsolete scientific theories\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1870 September 17, [Thomas Henry Huxley], “The President’s Address”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 2238, London: Printed by Edward J. Francis, Took's Court, Chancery Lane, published at the office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., by John Francis. [...], →OCLC, page 374, columns 2–3:\", \"text\": \"And thus the hypothesis that living matter always arises by the agency of pre-existing living matter, took definite shape; […] It will be necessary for me to refer to this hypothesis so frequently, that, to save circumlocution, I shall call it the hypothesis of Biogenesis; and I shall term the contrary doctrine—that living matter may be produced by not living matter—the hypothesis of Abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1872 October 3, “Societies and Academies: Philadelphia”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume VI, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 472, column 2:\", \"text\": \"The assertion of [Louis] Pasteur is justified, that the onus probandi [burden of proof] lies with abiogenesists, since there is no experience of any living form more than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in diameter springing to life out of inorganic matter; it is therefore vastly improbable (needing most cogent evidence to prove), that any form less than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in size can be made to spring into life from inorganic matter. While abiogenesis is unproved, we hold to the conclusion that vital force is not the mere outcome or resultant of any or all of the other cosmic forces.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1971, Cyril C. Means, Jr., Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates [...], volume 117, part 23, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30820, column 3:\", \"text\": \"Life began. There was one abiogenesis when something happened to turn inanimate matter into animate cells. And it happened only once. There are no abiogeneses today. Human life is continuous. Human persons are discontinuous and individual.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1997, Eric Voegelin, “Race as Biological Unit”, in Ruth Hein, transl., edited by Klaus Vondung, Race and State: Translated from the German (The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin; 2), Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, part I (The Systematic Content of Race Theory), page 45:\", \"text\": \"According to [Carl] Nägeli, the highest forms have evolved from the oldest cells produced through abiogenesis, and the lower forms are, depending on their position in the hierarchy, the descendants of respectively more recent abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2014, G. Bradley Schaefer, James N. Thompson, Jr., “Genetics: Unity and Diversity”, in Medical Genetics: An Integrated Approach, New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 3:\", \"text\": \"Although abiogenesis, the spontaneous creation of a living system under appropriate conditions, must have occurred at the end of the prebiotic world, spontaneous generation of life no longer occurs.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents.\"], \"links\": [[\"evolutionary theory\", \"evolutionary theory\"], [\"origination\", \"origination\"], [\"living\", \"living\"], [\"organism\", \"organism\"], [\"lifeless\", \"lifeless\"], [\"genesis\", \"genesis\"], [\"involve\", \"involve\"], [\"parents\", \"parent#Noun\"]], \"qualifier\": \"evolutionary theory\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living 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\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"EN-Abiogenesis.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/EN-Abiogenesis.ogg/EN-Abiogenesis.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/EN-Abiogenesis.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"تولد تلقائي\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"kyankʻi cagum\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"կյանքի ծագում\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abioxénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"uzniknjennje žyccja\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"узнікненне жыцця\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"jiboner utpotti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"জীবনের উৎপত্তি\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"samozaràždane\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"самозара̀ждане\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generació espontània\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源論\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源论\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源說\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wúshēngyuánshuō\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源说\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezo\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneesi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"alkusynty\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenèse\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioxénese\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenezi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"აბიოგენეზი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"aviogénesi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"αβιογένεση\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"אביוגנזה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"ajīvāt jīvotpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"अजीवात् जीवोत्पत्ति\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezis\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ősnemzés\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"uppruni lífs\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aibithghineas\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archeobiosi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogonia\"}, {\"code\": \"jam\", \"lang\": \"Jamaican Creole\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abaiyojenisis\"}, {\"alt\": \"しぜんはっせいせつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shizenhasseisetsu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"自然発生説\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"saengmyeonggiwon\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"생명기원\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioģenēze\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenezė\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"Rumi\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajīvajīvōtpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജീവജീവോത്പത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"abiyōjenisisŭ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അബിയോജെനിസിസ്\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajananaṁ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജനനം\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajīvōlpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജീവോൽപത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"nāzīstzāyī\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"نازیستزایی\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"samorództwo\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archigonia\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Brazilian Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogênese\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"European Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénese\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"utabhuj\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ਉਤਭੁਜ\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneză\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенеза\"}, {\"code\": \"si\", \"lang\": \"Sinhalese\", \"roman\": \"ajīwajnanaya\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"අජීවජ්නනය\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ábíogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generación espontánea\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"abiogenes\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"singaw-buhay\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"paydoyiš-i hayot\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"пайдоиши ҳаёт\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"uyirilivaḻippiṟappu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"உயிரிலிவழிப்பிறப்பு\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"กำเนิดชีวิตจากสิ่งไร้ชีวิต\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiyogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"abiohenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абіогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"sự phát sinh tự nhiên\"}], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abiogenesis",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abiogenesis/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abiogenesist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetic\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetical\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetically\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogeny\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ἀ-\", \"pos\": \"the alpha privative\", \"t\": \"not-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷeyh₃-\", \"t\": \"to live\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*ǵénh₁tis\", \"t\": \"birth; production\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a-\", \"3\": \"biogenesis\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- + biogenesis\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative) + βῐ́ος (bíos, “life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source; manner of birth; creation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)); equivalent to a- + biogenesis. The words biogenesis and abiogenesis were both coined by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) in 1870 (see the quotation).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abiogeneses\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\", \"2\": \"abiogeneses\"}, \"expansion\": \"abiogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural abiogeneses)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"abi‧o‧ge‧ne‧sis\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"allopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"autopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"biopoesis\"}, {\"word\": \"spontaneous generation\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"biogenesis\"}], \"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Cantonese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Punjabi translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sinhalese translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"en:Evolutionary theory\", \"en:Obsolete scientific theories\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1870 September 17, [Thomas Henry Huxley], “The President’s Address”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 2238, London: Printed by Edward J. Francis, Took's Court, Chancery Lane, published at the office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., by John Francis. [...], →OCLC, page 374, columns 2–3:\", \"text\": \"And thus the hypothesis that living matter always arises by the agency of pre-existing living matter, took definite shape; […] It will be necessary for me to refer to this hypothesis so frequently, that, to save circumlocution, I shall call it the hypothesis of Biogenesis; and I shall term the contrary doctrine—that living matter may be produced by not living matter—the hypothesis of Abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1872 October 3, “Societies and Academies: Philadelphia”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume VI, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 472, column 2:\", \"text\": \"The assertion of [Louis] Pasteur is justified, that the onus probandi [burden of proof] lies with abiogenesists, since there is no experience of any living form more than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in diameter springing to life out of inorganic matter; it is therefore vastly improbable (needing most cogent evidence to prove), that any form less than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in size can be made to spring into life from inorganic matter. While abiogenesis is unproved, we hold to the conclusion that vital force is not the mere outcome or resultant of any or all of the other cosmic forces.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1971, Cyril C. Means, Jr., Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates [...], volume 117, part 23, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30820, column 3:\", \"text\": \"Life began. There was one abiogenesis when something happened to turn inanimate matter into animate cells. And it happened only once. There are no abiogeneses today. Human life is continuous. Human persons are discontinuous and individual.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1997, Eric Voegelin, “Race as Biological Unit”, in Ruth Hein, transl., edited by Klaus Vondung, Race and State: Translated from the German (The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin; 2), Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, part I (The Systematic Content of Race Theory), page 45:\", \"text\": \"According to [Carl] Nägeli, the highest forms have evolved from the oldest cells produced through abiogenesis, and the lower forms are, depending on their position in the hierarchy, the descendants of respectively more recent abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2014, G. Bradley Schaefer, James N. Thompson, Jr., “Genetics: Unity and Diversity”, in Medical Genetics: An Integrated Approach, New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 3:\", \"text\": \"Although abiogenesis, the spontaneous creation of a living system under appropriate conditions, must have occurred at the end of the prebiotic world, spontaneous generation of life no longer occurs.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents.\"], \"links\": [[\"evolutionary theory\", \"evolutionary theory\"], [\"origination\", \"origination\"], [\"living\", \"living\"], [\"organism\", \"organism\"], [\"lifeless\", \"lifeless\"], [\"genesis\", \"genesis\"], [\"involve\", \"involve\"], [\"parents\", \"parent#Noun\"]], \"qualifier\": \"evolutionary theory\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living 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\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"EN-Abiogenesis.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/EN-Abiogenesis.ogg/EN-Abiogenesis.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/EN-Abiogenesis.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"تولد تلقائي\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"kyankʻi cagum\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"կյանքի ծագում\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abioxénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"uzniknjennje žyccja\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"узнікненне жыцця\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"jiboner utpotti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"জীবনের উৎপত্তি\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"samozaràždane\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"самозара̀ждане\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generació espontània\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源論\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源论\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源說\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wúshēngyuánshuō\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源说\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezo\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneesi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"alkusynty\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenèse\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioxénese\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenezi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"აბიოგენეზი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"aviogénesi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"αβιογένεση\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"אביוגנזה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"ajīvāt jīvotpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"अजीवात् जीवोत्पत्ति\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezis\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ősnemzés\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"uppruni lífs\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aibithghineas\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archeobiosi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogonia\"}, {\"code\": \"jam\", \"lang\": \"Jamaican Creole\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abaiyojenisis\"}, {\"alt\": \"しぜんはっせいせつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shizenhasseisetsu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"自然発生説\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"saengmyeonggiwon\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"생명기원\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioģenēze\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenezė\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"Rumi\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajīvajīvōtpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജീവജീവോത്പത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"abiyōjenisisŭ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അബിയോജെനിസിസ്\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajananaṁ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജനനം\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajīvōlpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജീവോൽപത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"nāzīstzāyī\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"نازیستزایی\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"samorództwo\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archigonia\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Brazilian Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogênese\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"European Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénese\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"utabhuj\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ਉਤਭੁਜ\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneză\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенеза\"}, {\"code\": \"si\", \"lang\": \"Sinhalese\", \"roman\": \"ajīwajnanaya\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"අජීවජ්නනය\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ábíogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generación espontánea\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"abiogenes\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"singaw-buhay\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"paydoyiš-i hayot\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"пайдоиши ҳаёт\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"uyirilivaḻippiṟappu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"உயிரிலிவழிப்பிறப்பு\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"กำเนิดชีวิตจากสิ่งไร้ชีวิต\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiyogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"abiohenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абіогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"sự phát sinh tự nhiên\"}], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abiogenesis",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abiogenesis/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abiogenesist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetic\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetical\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetically\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogeny\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ἀ-\", \"pos\": \"the alpha privative\", \"t\": \"not-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷeyh₃-\", \"t\": \"to live\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*ǵénh₁tis\", \"t\": \"birth; production\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a-\", \"3\": \"biogenesis\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- + biogenesis\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative) + βῐ́ος (bíos, “life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source; manner of birth; creation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)); equivalent to a- + biogenesis. The words biogenesis and abiogenesis were both coined by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) in 1870 (see the quotation).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abiogeneses\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\", \"2\": \"abiogeneses\"}, \"expansion\": \"abiogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural abiogeneses)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"abi‧o‧ge‧ne‧sis\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"allopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"autopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"biopoesis\"}, {\"word\": \"spontaneous generation\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"biogenesis\"}], \"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Cantonese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Punjabi translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sinhalese translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"en:Evolutionary theory\", \"en:Obsolete scientific theories\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1870 September 17, [Thomas Henry Huxley], “The President’s Address”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 2238, London: Printed by Edward J. Francis, Took's Court, Chancery Lane, published at the office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., by John Francis. [...], →OCLC, page 374, columns 2–3:\", \"text\": \"And thus the hypothesis that living matter always arises by the agency of pre-existing living matter, took definite shape; […] It will be necessary for me to refer to this hypothesis so frequently, that, to save circumlocution, I shall call it the hypothesis of Biogenesis; and I shall term the contrary doctrine—that living matter may be produced by not living matter—the hypothesis of Abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1872 October 3, “Societies and Academies: Philadelphia”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume VI, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 472, column 2:\", \"text\": \"The assertion of [Louis] Pasteur is justified, that the onus probandi [burden of proof] lies with abiogenesists, since there is no experience of any living form more than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in diameter springing to life out of inorganic matter; it is therefore vastly improbable (needing most cogent evidence to prove), that any form less than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in size can be made to spring into life from inorganic matter. While abiogenesis is unproved, we hold to the conclusion that vital force is not the mere outcome or resultant of any or all of the other cosmic forces.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1971, Cyril C. Means, Jr., Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates [...], volume 117, part 23, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30820, column 3:\", \"text\": \"Life began. There was one abiogenesis when something happened to turn inanimate matter into animate cells. And it happened only once. There are no abiogeneses today. Human life is continuous. Human persons are discontinuous and individual.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1997, Eric Voegelin, “Race as Biological Unit”, in Ruth Hein, transl., edited by Klaus Vondung, Race and State: Translated from the German (The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin; 2), Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, part I (The Systematic Content of Race Theory), page 45:\", \"text\": \"According to [Carl] Nägeli, the highest forms have evolved from the oldest cells produced through abiogenesis, and the lower forms are, depending on their position in the hierarchy, the descendants of respectively more recent abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2014, G. Bradley Schaefer, James N. Thompson, Jr., “Genetics: Unity and Diversity”, in Medical Genetics: An Integrated Approach, New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 3:\", \"text\": \"Although abiogenesis, the spontaneous creation of a living system under appropriate conditions, must have occurred at the end of the prebiotic world, spontaneous generation of life no longer occurs.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents.\"], \"links\": [[\"evolutionary theory\", \"evolutionary theory\"], [\"origination\", \"origination\"], [\"living\", \"living\"], [\"organism\", \"organism\"], [\"lifeless\", \"lifeless\"], [\"genesis\", \"genesis\"], [\"involve\", \"involve\"], [\"parents\", \"parent#Noun\"]], \"qualifier\": \"evolutionary theory\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living 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\"word\": \"abioxénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"uzniknjennje žyccja\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"узнікненне жыцця\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"jiboner utpotti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"জীবনের উৎপত্তি\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"samozaràždane\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"самозара̀ждане\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generació espontània\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源論\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源论\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源說\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wúshēngyuánshuō\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源说\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezo\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneesi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"alkusynty\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenèse\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioxénese\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenezi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"აბიოგენეზი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"aviogénesi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"αβιογένεση\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"אביוגנזה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"ajīvāt jīvotpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"अजीवात् जीवोत्पत्ति\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezis\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ősnemzés\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"uppruni lífs\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aibithghineas\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archeobiosi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogonia\"}, {\"code\": \"jam\", \"lang\": \"Jamaican Creole\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abaiyojenisis\"}, {\"alt\": \"しぜんはっせいせつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shizenhasseisetsu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"自然発生説\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"saengmyeonggiwon\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"생명기원\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioģenēze\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenezė\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"Rumi\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajīvajīvōtpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജീവജീവോത്പത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"abiyōjenisisŭ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അബിയോജെനിസിസ്\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajananaṁ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജനനം\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajīvōlpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജീവോൽപത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"nāzīstzāyī\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"نازیستزایی\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"samorództwo\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archigonia\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Brazilian Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogênese\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"European Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénese\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"utabhuj\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ਉਤਭੁਜ\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneză\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенеза\"}, {\"code\": \"si\", \"lang\": \"Sinhalese\", \"roman\": \"ajīwajnanaya\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"අජීවජ්නනය\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ábíogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generación espontánea\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"abiogenes\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"singaw-buhay\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"paydoyiš-i hayot\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"пайдоиши ҳаёт\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"uyirilivaḻippiṟappu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"உயிரிலிவழிப்பிறப்பு\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"กำเนิดชีวิตจากสิ่งไร้ชีวิต\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiyogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"abiohenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абіогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"sự phát sinh tự nhiên\"}], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abiogenesis",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abiogenesis/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abiogenesist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetic\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetical\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetically\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogeny\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ἀ-\", \"pos\": \"the alpha privative\", \"t\": \"not-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷeyh₃-\", \"t\": \"to live\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*ǵénh₁tis\", \"t\": \"birth; production\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a-\", \"3\": \"biogenesis\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- + biogenesis\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative) + βῐ́ος (bíos, “life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source; manner of birth; creation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)); equivalent to a- + biogenesis. The words biogenesis and abiogenesis were both coined by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) in 1870 (see the quotation).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abiogeneses\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\", \"2\": \"abiogeneses\"}, \"expansion\": \"abiogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural abiogeneses)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"abi‧o‧ge‧ne‧sis\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"allopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"autopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"biopoesis\"}, {\"word\": \"spontaneous generation\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"biogenesis\"}], \"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Cantonese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Punjabi translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sinhalese translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"en:Evolutionary theory\", \"en:Obsolete scientific theories\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1870 September 17, [Thomas Henry Huxley], “The President’s Address”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 2238, London: Printed by Edward J. Francis, Took's Court, Chancery Lane, published at the office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., by John Francis. [...], →OCLC, page 374, columns 2–3:\", \"text\": \"And thus the hypothesis that living matter always arises by the agency of pre-existing living matter, took definite shape; […] It will be necessary for me to refer to this hypothesis so frequently, that, to save circumlocution, I shall call it the hypothesis of Biogenesis; and I shall term the contrary doctrine—that living matter may be produced by not living matter—the hypothesis of Abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1872 October 3, “Societies and Academies: Philadelphia”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume VI, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 472, column 2:\", \"text\": \"The assertion of [Louis] Pasteur is justified, that the onus probandi [burden of proof] lies with abiogenesists, since there is no experience of any living form more than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in diameter springing to life out of inorganic matter; it is therefore vastly improbable (needing most cogent evidence to prove), that any form less than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in size can be made to spring into life from inorganic matter. While abiogenesis is unproved, we hold to the conclusion that vital force is not the mere outcome or resultant of any or all of the other cosmic forces.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1971, Cyril C. Means, Jr., Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates [...], volume 117, part 23, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30820, column 3:\", \"text\": \"Life began. There was one abiogenesis when something happened to turn inanimate matter into animate cells. And it happened only once. There are no abiogeneses today. Human life is continuous. Human persons are discontinuous and individual.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1997, Eric Voegelin, “Race as Biological Unit”, in Ruth Hein, transl., edited by Klaus Vondung, Race and State: Translated from the German (The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin; 2), Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, part I (The Systematic Content of Race Theory), page 45:\", \"text\": \"According to [Carl] Nägeli, the highest forms have evolved from the oldest cells produced through abiogenesis, and the lower forms are, depending on their position in the hierarchy, the descendants of respectively more recent abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2014, G. Bradley Schaefer, James N. Thompson, Jr., “Genetics: Unity and Diversity”, in Medical Genetics: An Integrated Approach, New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 3:\", \"text\": \"Although abiogenesis, the spontaneous creation of a living system under appropriate conditions, must have occurred at the end of the prebiotic world, spontaneous generation of life no longer occurs.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents.\"], \"links\": [[\"evolutionary theory\", \"evolutionary theory\"], [\"origination\", \"origination\"], [\"living\", \"living\"], [\"organism\", \"organism\"], [\"lifeless\", \"lifeless\"], [\"genesis\", \"genesis\"], [\"involve\", \"involve\"], [\"parents\", \"parent#Noun\"]], \"qualifier\": \"evolutionary theory\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living 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\"word\": \"abioxénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"uzniknjennje žyccja\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"узнікненне жыцця\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"jiboner utpotti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"জীবনের উৎপত্তি\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"samozaràždane\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"самозара̀ждане\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generació espontània\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源論\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源论\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源說\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wúshēngyuánshuō\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源说\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezo\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneesi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"alkusynty\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenèse\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioxénese\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenezi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"აბიოგენეზი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"aviogénesi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"αβιογένεση\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"אביוגנזה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"ajīvāt jīvotpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"अजीवात् जीवोत्पत्ति\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezis\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ősnemzés\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"uppruni lífs\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aibithghineas\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archeobiosi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogonia\"}, {\"code\": \"jam\", \"lang\": \"Jamaican Creole\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abaiyojenisis\"}, {\"alt\": \"しぜんはっせいせつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shizenhasseisetsu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"自然発生説\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"saengmyeonggiwon\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"생명기원\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioģenēze\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenezė\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"Rumi\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajīvajīvōtpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജീവജീവോത്പത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"abiyōjenisisŭ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അബിയോജെനിസിസ്\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajananaṁ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജനനം\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajīvōlpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജീവോൽപത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"nāzīstzāyī\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"نازیستزایی\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"samorództwo\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archigonia\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Brazilian Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogênese\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"European Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénese\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"utabhuj\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ਉਤਭੁਜ\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneză\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенеза\"}, {\"code\": \"si\", \"lang\": \"Sinhalese\", \"roman\": \"ajīwajnanaya\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"අජීවජ්නනය\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ábíogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generación espontánea\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"abiogenes\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"singaw-buhay\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"paydoyiš-i hayot\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"пайдоиши ҳаёт\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"uyirilivaḻippiṟappu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"உயிரிலிவழிப்பிறப்பு\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"กำเนิดชีวิตจากสิ่งไร้ชีวิต\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiyogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"abiohenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абіогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"sự phát sinh tự nhiên\"}], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abiogenesis",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abiogenesis/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abiogenesist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetic\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetical\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetically\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogeny\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ἀ-\", \"pos\": \"the alpha privative\", \"t\": \"not-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷeyh₃-\", \"t\": \"to live\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*ǵénh₁tis\", \"t\": \"birth; production\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a-\", \"3\": \"biogenesis\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- + biogenesis\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative) + βῐ́ος (bíos, “life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source; manner of birth; creation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)); equivalent to a- + biogenesis. The words biogenesis and abiogenesis were both coined by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) in 1870 (see the quotation).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abiogeneses\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\", \"2\": \"abiogeneses\"}, \"expansion\": \"abiogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural abiogeneses)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"abi‧o‧ge‧ne‧sis\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"allopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"autopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"biopoesis\"}, {\"word\": \"spontaneous generation\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"biogenesis\"}], \"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Cantonese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Punjabi translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sinhalese translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"en:Evolutionary theory\", \"en:Obsolete scientific theories\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1870 September 17, [Thomas Henry Huxley], “The President’s Address”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 2238, London: Printed by Edward J. Francis, Took's Court, Chancery Lane, published at the office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., by John Francis. [...], →OCLC, page 374, columns 2–3:\", \"text\": \"And thus the hypothesis that living matter always arises by the agency of pre-existing living matter, took definite shape; […] It will be necessary for me to refer to this hypothesis so frequently, that, to save circumlocution, I shall call it the hypothesis of Biogenesis; and I shall term the contrary doctrine—that living matter may be produced by not living matter—the hypothesis of Abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1872 October 3, “Societies and Academies: Philadelphia”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume VI, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 472, column 2:\", \"text\": \"The assertion of [Louis] Pasteur is justified, that the onus probandi [burden of proof] lies with abiogenesists, since there is no experience of any living form more than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in diameter springing to life out of inorganic matter; it is therefore vastly improbable (needing most cogent evidence to prove), that any form less than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in size can be made to spring into life from inorganic matter. While abiogenesis is unproved, we hold to the conclusion that vital force is not the mere outcome or resultant of any or all of the other cosmic forces.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1971, Cyril C. Means, Jr., Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates [...], volume 117, part 23, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30820, column 3:\", \"text\": \"Life began. There was one abiogenesis when something happened to turn inanimate matter into animate cells. And it happened only once. There are no abiogeneses today. Human life is continuous. Human persons are discontinuous and individual.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1997, Eric Voegelin, “Race as Biological Unit”, in Ruth Hein, transl., edited by Klaus Vondung, Race and State: Translated from the German (The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin; 2), Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, part I (The Systematic Content of Race Theory), page 45:\", \"text\": \"According to [Carl] Nägeli, the highest forms have evolved from the oldest cells produced through abiogenesis, and the lower forms are, depending on their position in the hierarchy, the descendants of respectively more recent abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2014, G. Bradley Schaefer, James N. Thompson, Jr., “Genetics: Unity and Diversity”, in Medical Genetics: An Integrated Approach, New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 3:\", \"text\": \"Although abiogenesis, the spontaneous creation of a living system under appropriate conditions, must have occurred at the end of the prebiotic world, spontaneous generation of life no longer occurs.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents.\"], \"links\": [[\"evolutionary theory\", \"evolutionary theory\"], [\"origination\", \"origination\"], [\"living\", \"living\"], [\"organism\", \"organism\"], [\"lifeless\", \"lifeless\"], [\"genesis\", \"genesis\"], [\"involve\", \"involve\"], [\"parents\", \"parent#Noun\"]], \"qualifier\": \"evolutionary theory\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:Q231218\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abiogeny\"}], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"], \"wikidata\": [\"Q231218\"], \"wikipedia\": [\"Marianas Trench Marine National Monument\", \"Thomas Henry Huxley\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌeɪbaɪəʊˈdʒɛnəsɪs/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/-ˌbaɪə-/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/-ˌbiːə-/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/-ˌbiːoʊ-/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/-nɪ-/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌeɪˌbaioʊˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": 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\"word\": \"abioxénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"uzniknjennje žyccja\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"узнікненне жыцця\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"jiboner utpotti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"জীবনের উৎপত্তি\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"samozaràždane\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"самозара̀ждане\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generació espontània\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源論\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源论\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源說\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wúshēngyuánshuō\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源说\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezo\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneesi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"alkusynty\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenèse\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioxénese\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenezi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"აბიოგენეზი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"aviogénesi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"αβιογένεση\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"אביוגנזה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"ajīvāt jīvotpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"अजीवात् जीवोत्पत्ति\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezis\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ősnemzés\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"uppruni lífs\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aibithghineas\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archeobiosi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogonia\"}, {\"code\": \"jam\", \"lang\": \"Jamaican Creole\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abaiyojenisis\"}, {\"alt\": \"しぜんはっせいせつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shizenhasseisetsu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"自然発生説\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"saengmyeonggiwon\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"생명기원\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioģenēze\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenezė\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"Rumi\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajīvajīvōtpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജീവജീവോത്പത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"abiyōjenisisŭ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അബിയോജെനിസിസ്\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajananaṁ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജനനം\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajīvōlpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജീവോൽപത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"nāzīstzāyī\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"نازیستزایی\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"samorództwo\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archigonia\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Brazilian Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogênese\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"European Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénese\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"utabhuj\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ਉਤਭੁਜ\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneză\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенеза\"}, {\"code\": \"si\", \"lang\": \"Sinhalese\", \"roman\": \"ajīwajnanaya\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"අජීවජ්නනය\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ábíogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generación espontánea\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"abiogenes\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"singaw-buhay\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"paydoyiš-i hayot\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"пайдоиши ҳаёт\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"uyirilivaḻippiṟappu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"உயிரிலிவழிப்பிறப்பு\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"กำเนิดชีวิตจากสิ่งไร้ชีวิต\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiyogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"abiohenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абіогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"sự phát sinh tự nhiên\"}], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abiogenesis",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abiogenesis/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abiogenesist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetic\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetical\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenetically\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogenist\"}, {\"word\": \"abiogeny\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ἀ-\", \"pos\": \"the alpha privative\", \"t\": \"not-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʷeyh₃-\", \"t\": \"to live\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*ǵénh₁tis\", \"t\": \"birth; production\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a-\", \"3\": \"biogenesis\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- + biogenesis\", \"name\": \"af\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative) + βῐ́ος (bíos, “life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source; manner of birth; creation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)); equivalent to a- + biogenesis. The words biogenesis and abiogenesis were both coined by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) in 1870 (see the quotation).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abiogeneses\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\", \"2\": \"abiogeneses\"}, \"expansion\": \"abiogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural abiogeneses)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"abi‧o‧ge‧ne‧sis\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"allopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"autopoiesis\"}, {\"word\": \"biopoesis\"}, {\"word\": \"spontaneous generation\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"biogenesis\"}], \"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Cantonese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Punjabi translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sinhalese translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"en:Evolutionary theory\", \"en:Obsolete scientific theories\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1870 September 17, [Thomas Henry Huxley], “The President’s Address”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 2238, London: Printed by Edward J. Francis, Took's Court, Chancery Lane, published at the office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., by John Francis. [...], →OCLC, page 374, columns 2–3:\", \"text\": \"And thus the hypothesis that living matter always arises by the agency of pre-existing living matter, took definite shape; […] It will be necessary for me to refer to this hypothesis so frequently, that, to save circumlocution, I shall call it the hypothesis of Biogenesis; and I shall term the contrary doctrine—that living matter may be produced by not living matter—the hypothesis of Abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1872 October 3, “Societies and Academies: Philadelphia”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume VI, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 472, column 2:\", \"text\": \"The assertion of [Louis] Pasteur is justified, that the onus probandi [burden of proof] lies with abiogenesists, since there is no experience of any living form more than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in diameter springing to life out of inorganic matter; it is therefore vastly improbable (needing most cogent evidence to prove), that any form less than ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of an inch in size can be made to spring into life from inorganic matter. While abiogenesis is unproved, we hold to the conclusion that vital force is not the mere outcome or resultant of any or all of the other cosmic forces.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1971, Cyril C. Means, Jr., Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates [...], volume 117, part 23, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30820, column 3:\", \"text\": \"Life began. There was one abiogenesis when something happened to turn inanimate matter into animate cells. And it happened only once. There are no abiogeneses today. Human life is continuous. Human persons are discontinuous and individual.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1997, Eric Voegelin, “Race as Biological Unit”, in Ruth Hein, transl., edited by Klaus Vondung, Race and State: Translated from the German (The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin; 2), Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, part I (The Systematic Content of Race Theory), page 45:\", \"text\": \"According to [Carl] Nägeli, the highest forms have evolved from the oldest cells produced through abiogenesis, and the lower forms are, depending on their position in the hierarchy, the descendants of respectively more recent abiogenesis.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2014, G. Bradley Schaefer, James N. Thompson, Jr., “Genetics: Unity and Diversity”, in Medical Genetics: An Integrated Approach, New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 3:\", \"text\": \"Although abiogenesis, the spontaneous creation of a living system under appropriate conditions, must have occurred at the end of the prebiotic world, spontaneous generation of life no longer occurs.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents.\"], \"links\": [[\"evolutionary theory\", \"evolutionary theory\"], [\"origination\", \"origination\"], [\"living\", \"living\"], [\"organism\", \"organism\"], [\"lifeless\", \"lifeless\"], [\"genesis\", \"genesis\"], [\"involve\", \"involve\"], [\"parents\", \"parent#Noun\"]], \"qualifier\": \"evolutionary theory\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:Q231218\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abiogeny\"}], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"], \"wikidata\": [\"Q231218\"], \"wikipedia\": [\"Marianas Trench Marine National Monument\", \"Thomas Henry Huxley\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌeɪbaɪəʊˈdʒɛnəsɪs/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/-ˌbaɪə-/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/-ˌbiːə-/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/-ˌbiːoʊ-/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/-nɪ-/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌeɪˌbaioʊˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-abiogenesis.wav.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"EN-Abiogenesis.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/EN-Abiogenesis.ogg/EN-Abiogenesis.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/EN-Abiogenesis.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"تولد تلقائي\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"kyankʻi cagum\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"կյանքի ծագում\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abioxénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"uzniknjennje žyccja\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"узнікненне жыцця\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"jiboner utpotti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"জীবনের উৎপত্তি\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"samozaràždane\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"самозара̀ждане\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogènesi\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generació espontània\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源論\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源论\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"無生源說\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wúshēngyuánshuō\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"无生源说\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezo\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneesi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"alkusynty\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenèse\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioxénese\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenezi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"აბიოგენეზი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"aviogénesi\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"αβιογένεση\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"אביוגנזה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"ajīvāt jīvotpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"अजीवात् जीवोत्पत्ति\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenezis\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ősnemzés\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"uppruni lífs\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aibithghineas\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archeobiosi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogonia\"}, {\"code\": \"jam\", \"lang\": \"Jamaican Creole\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abaiyojenisis\"}, {\"alt\": \"しぜんはっせいせつ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"shizenhasseisetsu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"自然発生説\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"saengmyeonggiwon\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"생명기원\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abioģenēze\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenezė\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéza\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́за\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"Rumi\"], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajīvajīvōtpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജീവജീവോത്പത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"abiyōjenisisŭ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അബിയോജെനിസിസ്\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajananaṁ\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജനനം\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"ajaivajīvōlpatti\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"അജൈവജീവോൽപത്തി\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abiogenese\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"nāzīstzāyī\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"نازیستزایی\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"samorództwo\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"archigonia\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Brazilian Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogênese\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"European Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénese\"}, {\"code\": \"pa\", \"lang\": \"Punjabi\", \"roman\": \"utabhuj\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ਉਤਭੁਜ\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogeneză\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"abiogenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абиогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogeneza\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенеза\"}, {\"code\": \"si\", \"lang\": \"Sinhalese\", \"roman\": \"ajīwajnanaya\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"අජීවජ්නනය\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"ábíogenéza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"abiogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"autogénesis\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"generación espontánea\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"abiogenes\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"singaw-buhay\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"abiogenez\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"абиогенез\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"paydoyiš-i hayot\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"пайдоиши ҳаёт\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"uyirilivaḻippiṟappu\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"உயிரிலிவழிப்பிறப்பு\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"กำเนิดชีวิตจากสิ่งไร้ชีวิต\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiyogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"abiohenéz\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"абіогене́з\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"abiogenez\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"origination of living organisms from lifeless matter\", \"word\": \"sự phát sinh tự nhiên\"}], \"word\": \"abiogenesis\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abiogenesis",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.